This “flying away from the needle” is also required when flying outbound on the front course of the localizer. The course line along the extended centerline of a runway, in the opposite direction to the front course is called the back course.Ĭaution: Unless the aircraft’s ILS equipment includes reverse sensing capability, when flying inbound on the back course it is necessary to steer the aircraft in the direction opposite the needle deflection when making corrections from off-course to on-course. It is adjusted for a course width of (full scale fly-left to a full scale fly-right) of 700 feet at the runway threshold.ģ. The localizer signal is transmitted at the far end of the runway. The approach course of the localizer is called the front course and is used with other functional parts, e.g., glide slope, marker beacons, etc. Signals provide the pilot with course guidance to the runway centerline.Ģ. The localizer transmitter operates on one of 40 ILS channels within the frequency range of 108.10 to 111.95 MHz. Where a complete ILS system is installed on each end of a runway (i.e., the approach end of Runway 4 and the approach end of Runway 22) the ILS systems are not in service simultaneously.ġ. (g) A suitable RNAV system with Global Positioning System (GPS), capable of fix identification on a Standard Instrument Approach Procedure.ĥ. (f) Nondirectional beacon fixes authorized in the Standard Instrument Approach Procedure or (e) Very High Frequency Omni-directional Radio Range (VOR) or (d) Distance Measuring Equipment (DME), Very High Frequency Omni-directional Range (VOR), or Nondirectional beacon fixes authorized in the Standard Instrument Approach Procedure or The following means may be used to substitute for the OM: (c) Visual information: approach lights, touchdown and centerline lights, runway lights.Ĥ. (b) Range information: marker beacon, DME. (a) Guidance information: localizer, glide slope. The system may be divided functionally into three parts: The basic components of an ILS are the localizer, glide slope, and Outer Marker (OM) and, when installed for use with Category II or Category III instrument approach procedures, an Inner Marker (IM).ģ. The ILS is designed to provide an approach path for exact alignment and descent of an aircraft on final approach to a runway.Ģ.
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